Cross Multiplication Made Easy – Step-by-Step Examples and Solutions

Learn how to cross multiply to solve algebraic equations with fractions and to verify whether two fractions are equivalent. This page provides clear examples, step-by-step explanations, and practice questions with their detailed solutions to help students, parents, and teachers master this important math skill.

What is Cross Multiplication in Mathematics and Where is it Used?

Example: Let us consider the equation: \[ \dfrac{a}{b} = \dfrac{c}{d} \] Equations with fractions such as the above are sometimes challenging to solve because of the denominators. Let us find an equivalent equation without denominators.

Step 1: Multiply both sides of the equation by the product of the denominators \( b \times d \): \[ b \times d \times \dfrac{a}{b} = b \times d \times \dfrac{c}{d} \] Step 2: Simplify both sides: \[ \cancel{b} \times d \times \dfrac{a}{\cancel{b}} \;=\; b \times \cancel{d} \times \dfrac{c}{\cancel{d}} \] Step 3: Rewrite without denominators: \[ a \times d = b \times c \] The above method of transforming an equation with fractions into an equation without fractions is called cross multiplication.

How is Cross Multiplication Used?

Cross Multiplication can be used to solve equations.

Example 2: Solve the equation \[ \dfrac{x}{3} = \dfrac{10}{6} \] Step 1: Cross multiply to eliminate denominators: \[ 6 \times x = 3 \times 10 \] Step 2: Divide both sides by the coefficient of \( x \) (which is 6): \[ \dfrac{6 \times x}{6} = \dfrac{3 \times 10}{6} \] Step 3: Simplify to find \( x \): \[ x = 5 \]

Cross Multiplication can be used to verify if two fractions are equivalent.

Example 3: Are the fractions \[ \dfrac{4}{3} \quad \text{and} \quad \dfrac{12}{9} \] equivalent?

Step 1: Cross multiply: \[ 4 \times 9 = 36 \qquad \text{and} \qquad 3 \times 12 = 36 \] Step 2: Compare the results. Since both products are equal, the fractions are equivalent. Thus, we can write: \[ \dfrac{4}{3} = \dfrac{12}{9} \]

The exercises below with solutions and explanations are all about using cross multiplication.

Answer the following questions.

  1. Solve the equations
    a) \( \dfrac{x}{6} = \dfrac{3}{2} \)
    b) \( \dfrac{1}{3x} = \dfrac{2}{24} \)
    c) \( \dfrac{3}{2} = \dfrac{12}{4x} \)
    d) \( \dfrac{4}{6} = \dfrac{x}{9} \)
    e) \( 2 = \dfrac{x}{14} \)
    f) \( \dfrac{2}{x+2} = \dfrac{1}{7} \)
  2. Which of the following pairs of fractions are equivalent (equal)?
    a) \( \dfrac{5}{6} \) and \( \dfrac{15}{18} \)
    b) \( \dfrac{5}{3} \) and \( \dfrac{20}{13} \)
    c) \( \dfrac{25}{35} \) and \( \dfrac{5}{7} \)
    d) \( \dfrac{23}{7} \) and \( \dfrac{46}{17} \)

  3. solutions and explanations

Links and References