\[ y = m x + b \]
The slope intercept form is useful if the slope \( m \) and the y intercept \( (0, b) \) of the line are known.
Example 1: The equation of a line with slope \( - 2 \) and y intercept \( (0 , 3) \) is written as follows:
\[ y = - 2 x + 3 \]
2 - Point Slope Form
\[ y - y_1 = m (x - x_1) \]
The point slope form is useful if the slope \( m \) and a point \( (x_1 , y_1) \) through which the line passes are known.
Example 2: The equation of a line that passes through the point \( (5 , 7) \) and has slope equal to \( - 3 \) may be written as follows:
\[ y - 7 = - 3 (x - 7) \]
3 - Equation of a Vertical Line
The equation of a vertical line has the form
\[ x = k \]
where k is a constant.
Example 3: The equation of a vertical line that passes through the point \( (-2 , -5) \) may be written as follows:
\[ x = - 2 \]
Note that the slope of a vertical line is undefined.
4 - Equation of a Horizontal Line
The equation of a horizontal line has the form
\[ y = k \]
where \( k \) is a constant.
Example 4: The equation of a horizontal line that passes through the point \( (-2 , -5) \) may be written as follows:
\[ y = - 5 \]
Its slope is equal to zero because the above equation may be written as : \( y = 0 \; x - 5 \)
5 - General Equation of a Line
The general equation of a line may be written as
\[ a x + b y = c \] where a, b and c are constants.
Example 5: General equation of a line:
\[ 2 x - 5 y = 8 \]