A set of challenging SAT math questions with detailed solutions and explanations. Includes both multiple-choice and student-produced response questions. Answers are provided at the bottom.
Which labeled point in the figure is exactly 10 units from the origin?

A) M
B) N
C) P
D) Q
E) R
If \( y = kx + 2k \), where \(k\) is a constant, and \(y = -14\) when \(x = 5\), what is \(x\) when \(y = -24\)?
A) -10
B) 10
C) -24
D) -2
E) 4
If \(m\) and \(n\) are positive integers and \(3^m = 9^{1/n}\), what is \(m \times n\)?
A) 1
B) 3
C) 9
D) \( \frac{1}{2} \)
E) 2
If \(f(x+1) = 2x - 1\), then \(f(2x) =\)
A) \(4x - 1\)
B) \(2x - 2\)
C) \(4x - 4\)
D) \(4x - 3\)
E) 2
A large rectangle is made of 4 congruent smaller rectangles. If the large rectangle's area is 432 square units, what is the length of a small rectangle?

A) 18
B) 108
C) 27
D) 71
E) 54
The expression \(2 + 25\% + 1.6\) is equivalent to:
A) 3.625
B) 3.25
C) \(3\frac{1}{4}\)
D) 385%
E) 28.6%
Which point lies inside the circle defined by \((x - 2)^2 + (y + 3)^2 = 4\)?
A) \((0, -3)\)
B) \((3, -2)\)
C) \((4, 1)\)
D) \((1, 4)\)
E) \((0, 0)\)
A rectangular field's perimeter is 8 times its width. Its area is \(48 \text{ m}^2\). What is its perimeter in meters?
A) 6
B) 48
C) 8
D) 16
E) 32
The area of a triangle with sides 2.4, 1.8, and 3.0 is:
A) 7.2
B) 2.16
C) 2.7
D) 3.6
E) 4.32
The number of books sold is given by \(N(p) = \frac{25000}{3p + k}\), where \(p\) is price and \(k\) is constant. If 1000 books are sold at $7 each, how many will be sold at $10 each?
A) 735
B) 1429
C) 1430
D) 730
E) 1431
For which value(s) of \(m\) does \(-2x^2 + mx = 2\) have exactly one solution?
A) 0
B) \(-2, 2\)
C) \(-1, 1\)
D) 16
E) \(-4, 4\)
The average of the first 4 numbers in a set is 21. The average of the last 2 numbers is 27. What is the average of all 6 numbers?
A) 24
B) 22
C) 23
D) 20
E) 21
In an arithmetic sequence, the 4th term is 6.5 and the 7th term is 11. What is the 20th term?
A) 32
B) 31
C) 31.5
D) 30.5
E) 30
After a 15% discount, a TV costs $680. What was its original price?
A) $591
B) $800
C) $665
D) $780
E) $900
The expression \((xy)^{4n} - (xy)^{2n}\) is equivalent to:
A) \((xy)^{6n}\)
B) \((xy)^{2n}\)
C) \([(xy)^{2n} - (xy)^n][(xy)^{2n} + (xy)^n]\)
D) \([(xy)^{2n} - (xy)^n]^2\)
E) \([(xy)^{2n} - (xy)^n][(xy)^{2n} - (xy)^n]\)
The pie chart shows family expenses. If $600 was spent on food, how much was spent on clothing?

A) $350
B) $400
C) $500
D) $600
E) $700
Which statement is incorrect?
A) \(\sqrt{x^2 + 2x + 1} = |x + 1|\)
B) \(|-x^2 - 1| = x^2 + 1\)
C) \(\sqrt{x^4} = x^2\)
D) \(\frac{-x^2 - 6x - 9}{-x - 3} = -x - 3\)
E) \(|e - \frac{1}{2} - 3| = 3.5 - e\)
Functions \(f\) and \(g\) are graphed below. For which \(x\) in \([-1,5]\) is \(f(x) > g(x)\)?

A) \([-1,5]\)
B) \([-1,0) \cup (0,4) \cup (4,5]\)
C) \([-1,0) \cup (4,5]\)
D) \([2,5]\)
E) \([0,4]\)
In the circle with center C, A, C, D are collinear and AB = BC. What is the measure of angle BDC?

A) \(10^\circ\)
B) \(30^\circ\)
C) \(50^\circ\)
D) \(60^\circ\)
E) \(90^\circ\)
Twice the difference of squares of two consecutive positive integers is \(4n\). What is their sum?
A) \(2n\)
B) 2
C) 4
D) \(4n\)
E) 1