Table of Domain and Range of Common Functions

A comprehensive reference table of domains and ranges for common and useful functions in mathematics.

A table of domain and range of common and useful functions is presented below. You can also use our Step-by-Step Calculator to Find Domain of a Function and Step-by-Step Calculator to Find Range of a Function.

Algebraic Functions

FunctionDomainRange
\( f(x) = x \)\( (-\infty, +\infty) \)\( (-\infty, +\infty) \)
\( f(x) = x^2 \)\( (-\infty, +\infty) \)\( [0, +\infty) \)
\( f(x) = x^3 \)\( (-\infty, +\infty) \)\( (-\infty, +\infty) \)
\( f(x) = x^n \), \( n \) even\( (-\infty, +\infty) \)\( [0, +\infty) \)
\( f(x) = x^n \), \( n \) odd\( (-\infty, +\infty) \)\( (-\infty, +\infty) \)
\( f(x) = |x| \)\( (-\infty, +\infty) \)\( [0, +\infty) \)
\( f(x) = \sqrt{x} \)\( [0, +\infty) \)\( [0, +\infty) \)
\( f(x) = \sqrt[3]{x} \)\( (-\infty, +\infty) \)\( (-\infty, +\infty) \)

Trigonometric Functions

FunctionDomainRange
\( f(x) = \sin(x) \)\( (-\infty, +\infty) \)\( [-1, 1] \)
\( f(x) = \cos(x) \)\( (-\infty, +\infty) \)\( [-1, 1] \)
\( f(x) = \tan(x) \)All real numbers except \( \dfrac{\pi}{2} + n\pi \)\( (-\infty, +\infty) \)
\( f(x) = \sec(x) \)All real numbers except \( \dfrac{\pi}{2} + n\pi \)\( (-\infty, -1] \cup [1, +\infty) \)
\( f(x) = \csc(x) \)All real numbers except \( n\pi \)\( (-\infty, -1] \cup [1, +\infty) \)
\( f(x) = \cot(x) \)All real numbers except \( n\pi \)\( (-\infty, +\infty) \)

Inverse Trigonometric Functions

FunctionDomainRange
\( f(x) = \sin^{-1}(x) \)\( [-1, 1] \)\( \left[-\dfrac{\pi}{2}, \dfrac{\pi}{2}\right] \)
\( f(x) = \cos^{-1}(x) \)\( [-1, 1] \)\( [0, \pi] \)
\( f(x) = \tan^{-1}(x) \)\( (-\infty, +\infty) \)\( \left(-\dfrac{\pi}{2}, \dfrac{\pi}{2}\right) \)
\( f(x) = \sec^{-1}(x) \)\( (-\infty, -1] \cup [1, +\infty) \)\( \left[0, \dfrac{\pi}{2}\right) \cup \left(\dfrac{\pi}{2}, \pi\right] \)
\( f(x) = \csc^{-1}(x) \)\( (-\infty, -1] \cup [1, +\infty) \)\( \left[-\dfrac{\pi}{2}, 0\right) \cup \left(0, \dfrac{\pi}{2}\right] \)
\( f(x) = \cot^{-1}(x) \)\( (-\infty, +\infty) \)\( (0, \pi) \)

Logarithmic and Exponential Functions

FunctionDomainRange
\( f(x) = a^x \) (\( a > 0, a \neq 1 \))\( (-\infty, +\infty) \)\( (0, +\infty) \)
\( f(x) = \log_a(x) \) (\( a > 0, a \neq 1 \))\( (0, +\infty) \)\( (-\infty, +\infty) \)
\( f(x) = a^x + k \)\( (-\infty, +\infty) \)\( (k, +\infty) \)
\( f(x) = \log_a(x - k) \)\( (k, +\infty) \)\( (-\infty, +\infty) \)

Hyperbolic Functions

FunctionDomainRange
\( \sinh(x) = \dfrac{e^x - e^{-x}}{2} \)\( (-\infty, +\infty) \)\( (-\infty, +\infty) \)
\( \cosh(x) = \dfrac{e^x + e^{-x}}{2} \)\( (-\infty, +\infty) \)\( [1, +\infty) \)
\( \tanh(x) = \dfrac{e^x - e^{-x}}{e^x + e^{-x}} \)\( (-\infty, +\infty) \)\( (-1, 1) \)
\( \coth(x) = \dfrac{e^x + e^{-x}}{e^x - e^{-x}} \)\( (-\infty, 0) \cup (0, +\infty) \)\( (-\infty, -1) \cup (1, +\infty) \)
\( \operatorname{sech}(x) = \dfrac{2}{e^x + e^{-x}} \)\( (-\infty, +\infty) \)\( (0, 1] \)
\( \operatorname{csch}(x) = \dfrac{2}{e^x - e^{-x}} \)\( (-\infty, 0) \cup (0, +\infty) \)\( (-\infty, 0) \cup (0, +\infty) \)

References and Links

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